Unfortunately, the selection of males for breeding in the US sheep industry has been traditionally conducted based on phenotypical traits, without a genetic/reproductive evaluation, and/or health assessment or records. Genetically, the male contribution to the offspring is 50%, but in practical terms, there is a greater potential impact of the ram on reproductive results, because one male has the potential to affect a large group of females and therefore greatly affects the entire flock. In sheep farms, achieving economic and productive efficiency and sustainability goals is directly related with the reproductive management of the animals. This review article examines some of the key aspects to consider when managing mature rams and ram lambs during the pre-breeding season to ensure proper condition of the males for optimal function during the breeding season. Sound flock management must include an integrative and complete management plan for males and females that provides adequate conditions for the sheep to express their genetic potential and production level. It involves different aspects of animal husbandry, such as genetics, health, nutrition, behavior, economy and physiological and anatomical changes during the non-breeding season. The reproductive management of mature rams and their lambs is complex, varying across breeds, farms, and regions of the world. A further understanding of the management and selection criteria of the males during pre-breeding enables producers to efficiently use animal resources to maximize the reproductive potential of the animals. Pre-breeding management of rams and their ram lambs is critical for viable, sustainable and profitable farms.
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